Proctorio Blog

Two major education studies released in May 2026 point to a troubling reality: student performance in the United States continues to decline, and many schools are still struggling to understand why.

One study, published through the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and covered by *The New York Times*, found that strict cellphone bans significantly reduced phone use in schools, but did not improve test scores. As the Times reported, “The bans had a 'close to zero' effect on test scores.”

A second major study, also covered by *The New York Times* and based on data from Stanford’s Educational Opportunity Project, showed that reading scores declined in 83% of U.S. school districts over the past decade, while math scores declined in 70% of districts. Researchers described the trend as a “generation-long decline” in student learning.

Many explanations have been offered for these declines: the pandemic, mental health challenges, absenteeism, changes in school accountability, and increased screen time.

But one issue still feels under-discussed: learning integrity, specifically, the growing overreliance on phones, AI systems, and technology to complete schoolwork and assessments.

Phones Are Not Just a Distraction Anymore

Today, phones are one of the most common tools enabling AI cheating, AI exam misuse, and unauthorized outside assistance in education.

Students can now:

• Search answers instantly
• Use AI tools during assignments
• Share screenshots of tests
• Access answer banks and group chats
• Get live help during exams

In many cases, students no longer need to fully work through problems themselves to complete assignments successfully.

And while technology can absolutely support learning, there is also a growing risk that students become overly dependent on it to think, write, solve problems, and complete assessments for them.

Learning Integrity Still Matters

Obviously, this is complicated, and no single factor explains declining test scores.

But we believe learning integrity plays an important role in this broader decline.

The more students rely on phones, AI systems, or outside assistance for everyday work, the fewer opportunities they have to build core skills through repetition, struggle, focus, and independent thinking.

Those are the moments where learning actually happens.

And while cellphone bans may not create immediate score increases, they may still produce important long-term gains by encouraging students to do more authentic work themselves.

The benefits may take years to fully appear.

Why This Matters for Higher Education

Higher education is increasingly feeling the effects of these trends.

Many colleges are reporting that students are arriving less prepared for college-level reading, writing, focus, and independent work. At the same time, universities are rapidly trying to adapt to a world shaped by generative AI, remote learning, and digital-first education.

That creates a difficult balance. Colleges want to embrace technology and AI responsibly, while also preserving authentic learning and maintaining confidence in assessments, coursework, and credentials.

If students become too dependent on AI systems and phones throughout K-12 education, those learning gaps may become even more visible in college classrooms, certification programs, and workforce preparation.

The Long-Term Impact Could Be Bigger Than Short-Term Scores

The May 2026 cellphone study found that teachers reported fewer distractions and more focused classrooms after strict phone bans were introduced. That matters because authentic learning is often cumulative.

The more students practice:

• Reading deeply
• Writing independently
• Solving problems without assistance
• Retaining information
• Thinking critically

…the more likely those skills are to eventually appear in high-stakes testing environments that are usually much more secure and closely monitored.

In other words, reducing dependency on phones and unauthorized AI assistance may not immediately improve outcomes, but it could help rebuild the habits and learning behaviors that lead to stronger long-term performance.

AI Misuse Is Expanding Beyond Schools

These same concerns are now appearing in hiring and credentialing too.

Companies are increasingly worried about interview cheating tools that provide candidates with live AI-generated answers during virtual interviews and assessments.

Schools, employers, and certification organizations are all starting to ask the same question:

How do you verify authentic human performance in an AI-driven world?

That is why AI detection strategies, secure assessments, and authenticity verification are becoming more important across education and workforce systems.

Real Work Still Matters

Technology is not the enemy. AI can be incredibly valuable when used appropriately.

But if students increasingly depend on phones and AI systems to do their work for them, it becomes harder to develop the very skills education is meant to build.

And ultimately, there are still moments where students must perform independently. When those moments come, authentic learning matters.